// Package netguard blocks server-initiated connections to non-public
// destinations. It backs URL previews, CardDAV sync and IMAP connections so a
// user-supplied host can never point the server at another user's internal
// service, the Docker database, or cloud metadata endpoints.
package netguard

import (
	"context"
	"errors"
	"net"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"time"
)

// AllowPrivate reports whether range checks are disabled via
// INTEGRATIONS_ALLOW_PRIVATE=1. Tests set it for loopback fake servers;
// operators can set it for deliberate LAN deployments (home Nextcloud or
// mail on private addresses). It is off in the production Compose stack.
func AllowPrivate() bool { return os.Getenv("INTEGRATIONS_ALLOW_PRIVATE") == "1" }

// extraBlocked covers ranges net.IP's helpers miss. IPv4: "this network"
// (0.0.0.0/8), RFC 6598 CGNAT (100.64.0.0/10 — used by Tailscale, GKE
// internal LBs, some Docker setups), IETF protocol assignments
// (192.0.0.0/24), TEST-NET-1/2/3 documentation space (192.0.2.0/24,
// 198.51.100.0/24, 203.0.113.0/24), deprecated 6to4 relay anycast
// (192.88.99.0/24), benchmark space (198.18.0.0/15), and reserved/limited
// broadcast space (240.0.0.0/4, which includes 255.255.255.255).
// IPv6: discard-only (100::/64), benchmarking (2001:2::/48), ORCHID/ORCHIDv2
// (2001:10::/28, 2001:20::/28), documentation (2001:db8::/32, 3fff::/20),
// SRv6 SIDs (5f00::/16), deprecated 6bone (3ffe::/16), and site-local
// fec0::/10. The transition prefixes with embedded IPv4 (6to4, Teredo,
// IPv4-compatible/translated, NAT64) are handled explicitly below.
var extraBlocked = func() []net.IPNet {
	cidrs := []string{
		"0.0.0.0/8", "100.64.0.0/10", "192.0.0.0/24", "192.0.2.0/24",
		"192.88.99.0/24", "198.18.0.0/15", "198.51.100.0/24", "203.0.113.0/24",
		"240.0.0.0/4",
		"100::/64", "2001:2::/48", "2001:10::/28", "2001:20::/28",
		"2001:db8::/32", "3ffe::/16", "3fff::/20", "5f00::/16", "fec0::/10",
	}
	nets := make([]net.IPNet, 0, len(cidrs))
	for _, cidr := range cidrs {
		_, n, err := net.ParseCIDR(cidr)
		if err != nil {
			panic("netguard: bad CIDR " + cidr)
		}
		nets = append(nets, *n)
	}
	return nets
}()

// parsePrefix is the panic-on-programmer-error helper for the fixed policy
// prefixes below.
func parsePrefix(cidr string) net.IPNet {
	_, n, err := net.ParseCIDR(cidr)
	if err != nil {
		panic("netguard: bad CIDR " + cidr)
	}
	return *n
}

// Transition prefixes that embed an IPv4 destination in a different place
// than the well-known NAT64 layout. They are the "rare IPv6 tricks" from the
// review: without these checks an IPv6 literal can smuggle a loopback or
// RFC 1918 destination past the range guard.
var (
	// RFC 6052 well-known NAT64: low 32 bits are the IPv4 destination.
	nat64Prefix = parsePrefix("64:ff9b::/96")
	// RFC 8215 local-use NAT64: never a public destination.
	nat64LocalPrefix = parsePrefix("64:ff9b:1::/48")
	// RFC 3056 6to4: bits 16..47 are the embedded IPv4 destination.
	sixToFourPrefix = parsePrefix("2002::/16")
	// RFC 4380 Teredo: block the whole prefix. Its client address is
	// obfuscated and the route depends on a relay, so judging an embedded
	// value is both unreliable and unnecessary for public web/mail targets.
	teredoPrefix = parsePrefix("2001::/32")
	// Deprecated IPv4-compatible (::/96) and IPv4-translated
	// (::ffff:0:0:0/96) addresses. These are not IPv4-mapped addresses (those
	// have To4() != nil and are judged directly above).
	ipv4CompatiblePrefix = parsePrefix("::/96")
	ipv4TranslatedPrefix = parsePrefix("::ffff:0:0:0/96")
)

func publicIPv4(ip net.IP) bool {
	v4 := ip.To4()
	if v4 == nil || !v4.IsGlobalUnicast() || v4.IsPrivate() || v4.IsLoopback() || v4.IsLinkLocalUnicast() {
		return false
	}
	for _, n := range extraBlocked {
		if n.Contains(v4) {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

// Destination policy (review follow-up, stated explicitly): allowed targets
// are globally routable unicast addresses only. Blocked: private (RFC 1918,
// ULA fc00::/7), loopback, link-local, CGNAT, benchmark, IETF protocol and
// documentation ranges, unspecified/broadcast/multicast, IPv4-mapped
// addresses whose embedded IPv4 is non-public, and transition addresses
// (6to4/NAT64) whose embedded IPv4 is non-public. Teredo,
// IPv4-compatible/translated and local-use NAT64 prefixes are blocked
// wholesale. INTEGRATIONS_ALLOW_PRIVATE=1 (fixtures and deliberate LAN
// deployments) is the only relaxation.
func IsPublic(ip net.IP) bool {
	if ip == nil || !ip.IsGlobalUnicast() || ip.IsPrivate() || ip.IsLoopback() || ip.IsLinkLocalUnicast() || ip.IsMulticast() || ip.IsUnspecified() {
		return false
	}
	if v4 := ip.To4(); v4 != nil {
		return publicIPv4(v4)
	}
	v6 := ip.To16()
	if v6 == nil {
		return false
	}
	if ipv4CompatiblePrefix.Contains(v6) || ipv4TranslatedPrefix.Contains(v6) {
		return false
	}
	if sixToFourPrefix.Contains(v6) {
		return publicIPv4(net.IPv4(v6[2], v6[3], v6[4], v6[5]))
	}
	if teredoPrefix.Contains(v6) || nat64LocalPrefix.Contains(v6) {
		return false
	}
	if nat64Prefix.Contains(v6) {
		return publicIPv4(net.IPv4(v6[12], v6[13], v6[14], v6[15]))
	}
	for _, n := range extraBlocked {
		if n.Contains(v6) {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

var errBlocked = errors.New("netguard: private destination blocked")
var errBlockedPort = errors.New("netguard: destination port blocked")

// DialContextPorts is DialContext with an allowlist of destination ports.
// Callers that fetch user-supplied URLs use it to keep outbound traffic on
// the protocol's normal ports: a preview has no business dialing SSH or a
// database port on a public host. Fixtures and deliberate LAN deployments
// can bypass it by calling DialContext directly when AllowPrivate is set.
func DialContextPorts(ctx context.Context, network, address string, allowed ...int) (net.Conn, error) {
	_, rawPort, e := net.SplitHostPort(address)
	if e != nil {
		return nil, e
	}
	port, e := strconv.Atoi(rawPort)
	if e != nil {
		return nil, errBlockedPort
	}
	ok := false
	for _, p := range allowed {
		if port == p {
			ok = true
			break
		}
	}
	if !ok {
		return nil, errBlockedPort
	}
	return DialContext(ctx, network, address)
}

// dialMaxAttempts bounds the fallback across already-validated addresses
// (review follow-up): the first A/AAAA record being unreachable does not make
// the host unreachable, but we never chase an unbounded list — and there is
// deliberately no second DNS lookup anywhere in this path.
const dialMaxAttempts = 3

// DialContext resolves the host, rejects non-public destinations, then dials
// the checked IPs. Check and dial use the same lookup result, so there is no
// DNS-rebinding window between them. Every resolved address must pass the
// range check (a host that mixes public and private records is refused
// outright), and the dial then falls back among the validated addresses
// instead of failing on the first unreachable one.
func DialContext(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
	host, port, e := net.SplitHostPort(address)
	if e != nil {
		return nil, e
	}
	ips, e := net.DefaultResolver.LookupIPAddr(ctx, host)
	if e != nil {
		return nil, e
	}
	if len(ips) == 0 {
		return nil, errors.New("netguard: unresolved address")
	}
	if !AllowPrivate() {
		for _, a := range ips {
			if !IsPublic(a.IP) {
				return nil, errBlocked
			}
		}
	}
	dialer := &net.Dialer{Timeout: 10 * time.Second}
	var lastErr error
	for i, a := range ips {
		if i >= dialMaxAttempts {
			break
		}
		var conn net.Conn
		conn, lastErr = dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, net.JoinHostPort(a.IP.String(), port))
		if lastErr == nil {
			return conn, nil
		}
	}
	return nil, lastErr
}